Oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA stimulates autophagy flux, which enhances STX17-mediated autolysosome formation, leading to the degradation of autophagosomal contents. However, in response to ...

Unconventional protein secretion mechanisms represent a significant deviation from the classical endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi pathway. These alternative routes enable proteins—often lacking a ...

Bacterial interaction with plants and animals, symbiotic or pathogenic, involves the transfer to host cells and tissues of a range of bacterial proteins whose biochemical activities are key to ...

Intracellular protein trafficking and secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment are sequential and tightly regulated processes in eukaryotic cells. Conventionally, proteins that are ...

When cells utilize glucose as a carbon source, the HBP functions normally, maintaining intracellular O-GlcNAcylation at a high level. In this state, O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP25 stabilizes its interaction ...

Gut bacteria aren’t just passive passengers—they can actively send proteins straight into our cells. Using microscopic injection systems, even harmless microbes can influence immune responses and ...

Olfactory receptors (ORs), the largest family within the G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, have long been recognized for their essential ...