The pulse width of the compact pulse cum frequency modulator can be varied by altering the change-over point of comparator IC1 with a control voltage via resistor R1. The hysteresis of the IC is ...

As engineers, you use many components and devicesevery day that you treat as black boxes. You are concernedonly about the inputs and outputs of the blackbox, and that approach is acceptable provided ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics. You can build an analog calculator using a pulse-width modulator (PWM) to perform accurate four-quadrant multiplication and division.