A recent study provides answers to three seemingly disparate yet pressing cosmic dawn puzzles. Specifically, the authors show ...

Distance records are an excellent proxy for the state of the art in astronomy. Finding extremely faraway galaxies is hard. In general, objects get smaller and fainter with distance (although bizarre ...

Redshift and blueshift are used by astronomers to work out how far an object is from Earth. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

A Doppler shift is defined as a change of frequency of light or sound when an object is moving toward or away from an observer. Edwin Hubble observed in 1929 that galaxies appear on average to be ...

Imagine the ultimate version of a toy Universe: it's expanding, it's full of material, and through it all, there's one photon ⁠— or quantum of light ⁠— that we keep track of and forbid from ...